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⑵ I-Bottleneck, igxalaba lebhotile
Intamo kunye negxalaba kukudityaniswa kunye neenxalenye zenguqu phakathi komlomo webhotile kunye nomzimba webhotile. Kufuneka ziyilwe ngokwemilo kunye nobume bezinto eziqulethweyo, zidibaniswe nemilo, ubungakanani besakhiwo kunye neemfuno zamandla omzimba webhotile. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubunzima bokwenza ibhotile ngokuzenzekelayo ukuveliswa komatshini kunye nokuzaliswa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe. Cinga uhlobo lwesitywina oluza kusetyenziswa xa ukhetha ububanzi bangaphakathi bentamo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwedayimitha yangaphakathi yomlomo webhotile kunye nomthamo webhotile kunye nefomu yokutywina esetyenzisiweyo zidweliswe.

Ukuba iziqulatho ziya kuchithwa phantsi kwesenzo somoya oseleyo kwibhotile evaliweyo, kuphela uhlobo lwebhotile kunye neyona mithamo encinci yangaphakathi apho i-liquid idibanisa umoya ingasetyenziswa.
Okwesibini, kufuneka sizame ukwenza imixholo yebhotile inokugalela ngokutyibilikayo kwesinye isikhongozeli, esibaluleke kakhulu kwiziselo, amayeza kunye neebhotile zotywala. Ngethuba nje utshintsho olusuka kwindawo enzima kakhulu yomzimba webhotile ukuya entanyeni yebhotile lukhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, ulwelo lunokuthululwa kwibhotile ngokuzola. Ibhotile enotshintsho oluthe ngcembe kwaye olugudileyo ukusuka kumzimba webhotile ukuya entanyeni ivumela ulwelo ukuba luphalazwe ngokuzolileyo. Umoya ungena ebhotileni ubangela uphazamiseko lokuhamba kolwelo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugalela ulwelo kwesinye isikhongozeli. Kunokwenzeka kuphela xa into ebizwa ngokuba yi-air cushion inxibelelana nomoya ojikelezayo ukuthulula i-liquid ngokuzola kwibhotile kunye nokuguquka ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumzimba webhotile ukuya entanyeni.
Ukuba imixholo yebhotile ayilingani, eyona ndawo inzima iya kutshona ngokuthe chu ukuya ezantsi. Ngeli xesha, ibhotile enenguqu ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumzimba webhotile ukuya entanyeni kufuneka ikhethwe ngokukodwa, kuba inxalenye enzima kakhulu yezinto eziqulethweyo ihlukaniswe ngokulula kwezinye iindawo xa ithululelwa ngolu hlobo lwebhotile.

Iifom zesakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zentamo kunye negxalaba ziboniswa kuMfanekiso 6-26.

Ubume bentamo yebhotile budibene nentamo yebhotile kunye negxalaba lebhotile ezantsi, ngoko ke umgca wemilo yentamo yebhotile unokwahlulwa ube ngamacandelo amathathu: umgca wentamo yomlomo, umgca wentamo ephakathi kunye nomgca wegxala lentamo. utshintsho kunye notshintsho.
Ubume kunye nokutshintsha komgca wentamo yebhotile kunye nokuma kwayo kuxhomekeke kwimilo yonke yebhotile, enokuthi ihlulwe ibe yinto engekho entanyeni (i-wide-mouth version yokutya), uhlobo olufutshane lwentamo (isiselo) kunye nentamo ende. uhlobo (iwayini). Uhlobo lwe-neckless ludibaniswa ngokubanzi ngumgca we-neckline ngqo kumgca wegxalaba, ngelixa uhlobo olufutshane lwentamo lunentamo emfutshane kuphela. Imigca ethe tye, i-convex arcs okanye i-concave arcs isetyenziswa rhoqo; kuhlobo olude lwentamo, i-neckline ide, enokutshintsha ngokuphawulekayo imilo ye-neckline, i-neckline kunye ne-neck-shoulder line, eya kwenza ukuba ibhotile ibe yinto entsha. Zive. Umgaqo osisiseko kunye nendlela yokwenza imodeli yayo kukuthelekisa ubungakanani, i-angle, kunye ne-curvature yecandelo ngalinye lentamo ngokudibanisa nokukhupha. Olu thelekiso alukho nje ukuthelekiswa kwentamo ngokwayo, kodwa kufuneka kwakhona unakekele ubudlelwane obuchasayo kunye nomgca womgca jikelele webhotile. Unxulumano lobudlelwane. Kwimilo yebhotile ekufuneka ibhalwe ngelebula yentamo, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwimilo kunye nobude belebula yentamo.
Umphezulu wegxala lebhotile uxhunywe kwintamo yebhotile kwaye iphantsi ixhunywe kumzimba webhotile, eyona nxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutshintsha komgca webhotile.
Umgca wamagxa ngokuqhelekileyo unokwahlulwa ube "igxalaba elisicaba", "igxalaba eliphosayo", "igxalaba elithambekileyo", "igxalaba lobuhle" kunye "negxalaba elinyathele". Iimilo zamagxa ezahlukeneyo zinokuvelisa iimilo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamagxa ngotshintsho kubude, i-engile kunye negophe lamagxa.
Iimilo ezahlukeneyo zamagxa ebhotile zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kumandla wesitya.

⑶ umzimba webhotile
Umzimba webhotile sesona sakhiwo siphambili sesitya seglasi, kwaye imilo yayo inokuhluka. Umzobo 6-28 ubonisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo zecandelo lomnqamlezo womzimba webhotile. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi kwezi milo, kuphela isangqa esigxininiswe ngokufanayo ngeenxa zonke, kunye namandla angcono okwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokwenza, kunye nolwelo lweglasi kulula ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo. Ke ngoko, iziqulathi zeglasi ezifuna ukumelana noxinzelelo ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyhula kwicandelo elinqamlezayo. Umzobo 6-29 ubonisa iimilo ezahlukeneyo zeebhotile zebhiya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-diameter ethe nkqo itshintsha njani, icandelo layo lomnqamlezo lijikelezileyo.

Xa uyila iibhotile ezinokwakheka okukhethekileyo, uhlobo lwebhotile kunye nobukhulu bodonga kufuneka lukhethwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lwenzelwe ngokwesikhokelo soxinzelelo eludongeni lwemveliso. Ukusabalalisa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kodonga lwebhotile ye-tetrahedral. Isangqa esinamachaphaza kumzobo simele umgca woxinzelelo ongu-zero, imigca echokoziweyo kwiikona ezine ezingqamene nomphandle wesangqa imele uxinzelelo, kwaye imigca echokoziweyo ehambelana neendonga ezine ngaphakathi kwesangqa imele uxinzelelo olucinezelayo.

Ukongeza kwezinye iibhotile ezikhethekileyo (iibhotile zokugalelwa, iibhotile ze-antibiotic, njl.njl.), imigangatho yangoku yeglasi yokupakisha yeglasi (imigangatho yelizwe, imigangatho yoshishino) inemigaqo ethile malunga nobukhulu bomzimba webhotile. Ukuze kusebenze imarike, ezininzi izitya zokupakisha zeglasi , Ubude abuchazwanga, kuphela ukunyamezela okuhambelanayo kuchaziwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa uyila imilo yebhotile, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni ukwenzeka kokuveliswa kobume kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wemveliso, i-ergonomics kufuneka iqwalaselwe, oko kukuthi, ukulungiswa kobume kunye nemisebenzi enxulumene nabantu.
Ukuze isandla somntu sithinte ubume besitya, ububanzi bobubanzi besandla kunye nokuhamba kwesandla kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye imilinganiselo yokulinganisa ehambelana nesandla kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo. Isikali somntu yenye yezona datha zisisiseko kuphando lwe-ergonomics. Ubukhulu besikhongozeli buxhomekeke kumthamo wesikhongozeli. 5cm. Ngaphandle kwezikhongozeli ngeenjongo ezizodwa, xa sithetha ngokubanzi, ubuncinci bedayamitha yesikhongozeli akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-2. 5cm. Xa ubukhulu bedayamitha bungaphezulu kwe-9cm, isikhongozeli sokuphatha siya kutyibilika ngokulula esandleni. Idayamitha yesikhongozelo iphakathi, ukuze kusetyenziswe eyona mpembelelo inkulu. Idayamitha kunye nobude besikhongozeli nazo zinxulumene nokomelela kokubambelela. Kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa isitya esinamandla amakhulu okubamba, kwaye ubeke yonke iminwe yakho kuyo xa ubamba. Ngoko ke, ubude besitya kufuneka bube bubude kunobubanzi besandla; kwizikhongozeli ezingadingi ukubamba kakhulu, kufuneka ubeke iminwe eyimfuneko kuphela kwisitya, okanye usebenzise intende yesandla sakho ukuyibamba, kwaye ubude besitya bube mfutshane.

⑷ Isithende sebhotile

Isithende sebhotile siyinxalenye yokudibanisa inguqu phakathi komzimba webhotile kunye nebhotile ephantsi, kwaye imilo yayo ithobela ngokubanzi iimfuno zemilo yonke. Nangona kunjalo, imilo yesithende sebhotile inempembelelo enkulu kwisalathisi samandla ebhotile. Ukwakhiwa kwenguqu encinci ye-arc kunye nezantsi kwebhotile isetyenziswa. Amandla omthwalo othe nkqo wesakhiwo uphezulu, kwaye ukothuka komatshini kunye namandla othusayo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu. Ubunzima bezantsi buhluke kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyenziwa. Xa iphantsi kokuphazamiseka komatshini okanye ukothuka kwe-thermal, kulula kakhulu ukuqhekeka apha. Ibhotile iguqulwa nge-arc enkulu, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi idibaniswe nebhotile ephantsi ngendlela yokubuyisela. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesakhiwo luncinci, ukutshatyalaliswa komatshini, ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal kunye namandla okutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi aphezulu, kwaye amandla omthwalo othe nkqo nawo alungile. Umzimba webhotile kunye nomzantsi webhotile sisakhiwo soqhagamshelo lwenguqu engqukuva, enefuthe elilungileyo lomatshini kunye namandla othusayo obushushu, kodwa amandla omthwalo othe nkqo kunye namandla empembelelo yamanzi.

⑸ Ezantsi kwebhotile
Umzantsi webhotile ungaphantsi kwebhotile kwaye udlala indima yokuxhasa isitya. Amandla kunye nokuzinza kwezantsi kwebhotile kubaluleke kakhulu. Iibhotile zeglasi zeglasi ngokuqhelekileyo zenzelwe ukuba zibe yi-concave, ezinokunciphisa iindawo zoqhagamshelwano kwinqwelomoya yoqhagamshelwano kunye nokwandisa ukuzinza. Ngaphantsi kwebhotile kunye nesithende sebhotile ithatha i-arc transition, kunye ne-arc enkulu yenguqu inenzuzo ekuphuculeni amandla ebhotile kwaye inako. I-radius yeekona ezantsi kwebhotile yenza ingqiqo enkulu kwimveliso. Iikona ezijikelezileyo zichongwa yindlela yokudibanisa umzimba we-mold kunye ne-mold bottom. Ukuba ukudibanisa ukubumba kunye nezantsi kwe-mold ku-perpendicular kwi-axis yemveliso, oko kukuthi, utshintsho olusuka kwikona ejikeleziweyo ukuya kumzimba webhotile luthe tye, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yekona ejikeleziweyo. .
Ngokwemilo ephantsi kwebhotile efunyenwe ngale milinganiso, isiganeko sokuwa kwezantsi kwebhotile sinokuphetshwa xa udonga lwebhotile luncinci.
Ukuba iikona ezijikelezileyo zenziwe kumzimba wokubumba, oko kukuthi, umzimba wobumba wenziwe ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-extrusion method, kungcono ukuthatha ubungakanani bekona obujikelezileyo bebhotile ephantsi. Kwezo mveliso zifuna udonga olungqingqwa olujikeleze emazantsi ebhotile, imilinganiselo edweliswe kwitheyibhile engentla iyafumaneka. Ukuba kukho umaleko ongqindilili weglasi kufutshane notshintsho ukusuka ezantsi kwebhotile ukuya kumzimba webhotile, umzantsi wemveliso awuyi kudilika.
Amazantsi ajikelezwe kabini afanelekile kwiimveliso ezinobubanzi obukhulu. Inzuzo kukuba inokumelana ngcono noxinzelelo olubangelwa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lweglasi. Kumanqaku anesiseko esinjalo, umlinganiselo woxinzelelo lwangaphakathi ubonise ukuba iglasi ekwiikona ezingqukuva yayikuxinzelelo endaweni yoxinzelelo. Ukuba iphantsi komthwalo ogobayo, iglasi ayiyi kukwazi ukumelana nayo.
Umphantsi weconvex unokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwemveliso. Ubume bayo kunye nobukhulu ngokwenene zenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwebhotile kunye nomatshini wokwenza ibhotile osetyenzisiweyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-arc inkulu kakhulu, indawo yokuxhasa iya kuncitshiswa kwaye ukuzinza kwebhotile kuya kuncitshiswa. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yomgangatho othile webhotile kwaye inako, ubukhulu bomzantsi webhotile busekelwe kubukhulu obuncinci bomzantsi webhotile njengemfuneko yoyilo, kunye nomlinganiselo wobunzima bomzantsi webhotile. kucacisiwe, kwaye uzame ukuba nomehluko omncinci phakathi kobunzima bezantsi kwebhotile kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi.