Ngexesha elidlulileyo, i-US "I-Wall Street Journal" yabika ukuba ukufika kwezitofu kujongene ne-bottleneck: ukunqongophala kweeglasi zeglasi zokugcina kunye neglasi ekhethekileyo njengezinto eziluhlaza ziya kuthintela ukuveliswa kobuninzi. Ngaba le bhotile incinci yeglasi inawo nawuphi na umxholo wobugcisa?
Njengesixhobo sokupakisha esinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo namachiza, iibhotile zeglasi zamayeza zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwindawo yokupakisha amayeza ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuzinzile, njengeebhotile, ii-ampoules, kunye neebhotile zeglasi.
Kuba iibhotile zeglasi zamayeza zinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo namayeza, kwaye ezinye kufuneka zigcinwe ixesha elide, ukuhambelana kweebhotile zeglasi yamayeza kunye namayeza kuhambelana ngqo nomgangatho wamayeza, kwaye kubandakanya impilo kunye nokhuseleko lomntu.
Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweebhotile zeglasi, ukungakhathali ekuvavanyeni kunye nezinye izizathu ziye zabangela iingxaki ezithile kwicandelo lokupakishwa kwamayeza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Umzekelo:
Ukunganyangeki kweasidi kunye nokumelana ne-alkali: Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokupakisha, iglasi ibuthathaka kukumelana ne-asidi, ngakumbi ukuxhathisa kwe-alkali. Emva kokuba umgangatho weglasi ungaphumeleli, okanye izinto ezifanelekileyo zingakhethwanga, kulula ukubeka emngciphekweni umgangatho wamayeza kunye nempilo yezigulane. .
Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo kumgangatho weemveliso zeglasi: izitya zokupakisha zeglasi zihlala ziveliswa ngokubunjwa kunye neenkqubo ezilawulwayo. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa zinempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho weglasi, ngakumbi ekuchaseni indawo yangaphakathi. Ke ngoko, ukomeleza ulawulo lokuhlola kunye nemigangatho yokusebenza kwezixhobo zokupakisha zebhotile zeglasi kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wokupakishwa kwamayeza kunye nophuhliso lweshishini.
Izithako eziphambili zeebhotile zeglasi
Iibhotile zeglasi zezixhobo zokupakisha zamayeza zihlala zine-silicon dioxide, i-boron trioxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-sodium oxide, i-magnesium oxide, i-potassium oxide, i-calcium oxide kunye nezinye izithako.
Ziziphi iingxaki ngeebhotile zeglasi
· Imvula yemizekelo yeentsimbi zealkali (K, Na) kwiglasi ikhokelela ekwenyukeni kwexabiso le-pH kushishino loxubo mayeza.
Iglasi ekumgangatho ophantsi okanye ukhukuliseko oluthatha ixesha elide lulwelo lwealkaline lunokubangela ukuxobuka: ukuxobuka kweglasi kunokuthintela imithambo yegazi kwaye kubangele i-thrombosis okanye i-pulmonary granulomas.
Imvula yezinto ezinobungozi kwiglasi: izinto ezinobungozi zinokubakho kwifomula yokuvelisa iglasi
· Iiyoni zealuminiyam eziwiswe kwiglasi zineziphumo ezibi kwii-agent zebhayoloji
Ukuskena imakroskopu ye-electron ikakhulu iqwalasela ukhukuliseko kunye nokuxobuka komphezulu webhotile yeglasi, kwaye inokuhlalutya isihluzo solwelo lwekhemikhali. Sisebenzisa iFeiner desktop scanning electron microscope ukujonga umphezulu webhotile yeglasi, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1. Umfanekiso osekhohlo ubonisa umgangatho ongaphakathi webhotile yeglasi edliwe liyeza lolwelo, kwaye umfanekiso osekunene ubonisa indawo engaphakathi yebhotile yeglasi. ibhotile yeglasi enexesha elide lokukhukuliseka. Ulwelo luphendula kunye nebhotile yeglasi, kwaye umphezulu ogudileyo wangaphakathi udliwe. I-corrosion yexesha elide iya kubangela indawo enkulu yokutshiphuza. Emva kokuba isisombululo sonyango emva kokuba le mpendulo ifakwe emzimbeni wesigulane, iya kuba nefuthe elibi kwimpilo yesigulane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-03-2021