Eli phepha lazisa inkqubo ye-welding yokutshiza yebhotile yeglasi yokubumba ukusuka kwimiba emithathu
Umba wokuqala: inkqubo yokutshiza ye-welding yebhotile kunye ne-glass molds, kubandakanya i-welding manual yokutshiza, i-plasma spray welding, i-laser spray welding, njl.
Inkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-welding ye-mold spray - i-plasma spray welding, isandul 'ukwenza impumelelo entsha kumazwe angaphandle, kunye nokuphuculwa kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nemisebenzi ephuculweyo kakhulu, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "micro plasma spray welding".
I-Micro plasma spray welding inokunceda iinkampani zokubumba zinciphise kakhulu utyalo-mali kunye neendleko zokuthenga, ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kunye neendleko zokusebenzisa izinto ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nezixhobo zinokutshiza uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto zokusebenza. Ukutshintsha nje intloko yetotshi yokutshiza kunokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutshiza zezixhobo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo.
2.1 Iyintoni intsingiselo ethile "ye-nickel-based alloy solder powder"
Kukungaqondi kakuhle ukujonga "i-nickel" njengento yokugqoka, eqinisweni, i-nickel-based alloy solder powder yi-alloy eyenziwe nge-nickel (Ni), i-chromium (Cr), i-boron (B) kunye ne-silicon (Si). Le ngxubevange ibonakaliswa yindawo yayo ephantsi yokunyibilika, ukusuka kwi-1,020 ° C ukuya kwi-1,050 ° C.
Eyona nto ikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kwe-nickel-based alloy solder powders (i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, i-silicon) njengezinto zokugquma kwimarike yonke kukuba i-nickel-based alloy solder powders enobungakanani bamasuntswana ahlukeneyo iye yakhuthazwa ngamandla kwimarike. . Kwakhona, ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel ziye zafakwa ngokulula nge-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) ukusuka kumanqanaba abo okuqala ngenxa yendawo ephantsi yokunyibilika, ukuguda, kunye nokulula kolawulo lwe-weld puddle.
I-Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) iqukethe izigaba ezibini ezihlukeneyo: isigaba sokuqala, esibizwa ngokuba yi-deposition stage, apho i-powder welding iyancibilika kwaye ibambelele kumphezulu womsebenzi; Inyibilike ngenxa yokuxinwa kunye nokunciphisa i-porosity.
Inyaniso kufuneka iphakanyiswe ukuba into ebizwa ngokuba yi-remelting stage iphunyezwe ngumahluko kwindawo yokunyibilika phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-nickel alloy, enokuthi ibe yintsimbi ye-ferritic ene-melting point ye-1,350 ukuya kwi-1,400 ° C okanye i-melting. indawo ye-1,370 ukuya kwi-1,500 ° C ye-C40 carbon steel (UNI 7845-78). Ingumahluko kwindawo yokunyibilika eqinisekisa ukuba i-nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, kunye ne-silicon alloys ayiyi kubangela ukunyibilika kwesiseko sesinyithi xa ikwiqondo lobushushu benqanaba lokunyibilika.
Nangona kunjalo, i-nickel alloy deposition nayo inokufezekiswa ngokubeka i-bead yocingo oluqinileyo ngaphandle kwesidingo senkqubo yokubuyisela: oku kufuna uncedo lwe-plasma arc welding (PTA).
2.2 I-nickel-based alloy solder powder esetyenziselwa i-cladding punch / core kwishishini leglasi yebhotile
Ngenxa yezi zizathu, ishishini leglasi likhethe ngokwendalo iialloys ezisekwe kwi-nickel kwiingubo eziqinileyo kwi-punch surfaces. Ukubekwa kwe-alloys esekwe kwi-nickel kunokufezekiswa mhlawumbi nge-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) okanye ngokutshiza i-supersonic flame (HVOF), ngelixa inkqubo yokunyibilikisa ingaphunyezwa ngeenkqubo zokufudumeza ezifakwayo okanye i-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kwakhona. . Kwakhona, umahluko kwindawo yokunyibilika phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-nickel alloy yeyona nto ibalulekileyo efunekayo, ngaphandle koko ukugquma akuyi kwenzeka.
I-Nickel, i-chromium, i-boron, i-silicon alloys inokufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-Plasma Transfer Arc Technology (PTA), njenge-Plasma Welding (PTAW), okanye i-Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (GTAW), ngaphandle kokuba umthengi uneworkshop yokulungiswa kwegesi ye-inert.
Ukuqina kweealloyi ezisekelwe kwi-nickel kuyahluka ngokweemfuno zomsebenzi, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuphakathi kwe-30 HRC kunye ne-60 HRC.
2.3 Kwimeko yokushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo lwee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel lukhulu kakhulu
Ubunzima obukhankanywe ngasentla bubhekisela kubunzima beqondo lokushisa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo zokusebenza eziphezulu zeqondo lokushisa, ubunzima bee-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel buyancipha.
Njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla, nangona ubunzima be-cobalt-based alloys buphantsi kune-nickel-based alloys kwiqondo lokushisa lokushisa, ukuqina kwe-cobalt-based alloys kunamandla kakhulu kune-nickel-based alloys kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu (njengokusebenza kokubumba. ubushushu).
Le grafu ilandelayo ibonisa utshintsho kubunzima bomgubo ohlukeneyo wealloy solder ngokunyuka kobushushu:
2.4 Iyintoni intsingiselo ethile "ye-cobalt-based alloy solder powder"?
Ukuqwalasela i-cobalt njengento yokugubungela, ngokwenene i-alloy eyenziwe nge-cobalt (Co), i-chromium (Cr), i-tungsten (W), okanye i-cobalt (Co), i-chromium (i-Cr), kunye ne-molybdenum (Mo). Ngokuqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Stellite" powder solder, i-cobalt-based alloys ine-carbides kunye ne-borides ukuze zenze ukuqina kwazo. Ezinye ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt ziqulethe i-2.5% yekhabhoni. Into ephambili ye-cobalt-based alloys yi-super hardness kwanakwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.
2.5 Iingxaki ezifunyenwe ngexesha lokubekwa kwe-cobalt-based alloys kwi-punch / core surface:
Ingxaki ephambili yokubekwa kwe-cobalt-based alloys ihambelana nendawo yabo yokunyibilika ephezulu. Enyanisweni, i-melting point ye-cobalt-based alloys yi-1,375 ~ 1,400 ° C, ephantse ibe yindawo yokunyibilika kwe-carbon steel kunye nentsimbi. Ngokwenyani, ukuba bekufuneka sisebenzise i-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) okanye i-hypersonic flame spraying (HVOF), ngoko ke ngexesha lenqanaba “lokunyibilika”, isiseko sesinyithi siya kunyibilika.
Inketho yodwa esebenzayo yokubeka i-cobalt-based powder kwi-punch / core yile: I-Transferred Plasma Arc (PTA).
2.6 Malunga nokupholisa
Njengoko kuchaziwe ngasentla, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Oxygen Fuel Gas Welding (OFW) kunye ne-Hypersonic Flame Spray (HVOF) iinkqubo zithetha ukuba i-powder layered layered inyibilika ngaxeshanye kwaye ibambelele. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokunyibilikisa, i-weld bead yomgca ihlanganiswe kwaye iipores zizaliswe.
Kuyabonakala ukuba udibaniso phakathi kwesiseko sesinyithi kunye ne-cladding surface iphelele kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Iipuntshi kuvavanyo zazikumgca wokuvelisa (ibhotile), iipuntshi zisebenzisa i-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) okanye i-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF), iipuntshi zisebenzisa i-plasma transferred arc (PTA), eboniswe ngokufanayo Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lomoya olupholileyo. , i-plasma transfer arc (PTA) i-punch yokusebenza iqondo lokushisa yi-100 ° C ephantsi.
2.7 Malunga noomatshini
Umatshini yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-punch / imveliso engundoqo. Njengoko kubonisiwe ngasentla, kubi kakhulu ukubeka i-solder powder (kwii-punches / cores) kunye nobunzima obuncitshisiweyo kumaqondo aphezulu. Esinye sezizathu singoomatshini; ukwenza i-60HRC ubulukhuni be-alloy solder powder kunzima kakhulu, ukunyanzela abathengi ukuba bakhethe iiparitha eziphantsi kuphela xa ucwangcisa iiparamitha zesixhobo (ukuguqula isantya sesixhobo, isantya sokutya, ubunzulu ...). Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-welding efanayo yokutshiza kwi-45HRC i-alloy powder kulula kakhulu; iiparamitha zesixhobo sokujika nazo zinokusetwa phezulu, kwaye umatshini ngokwawo uya kuba lula ukuwugqiba.
2.8 Malunga nobunzima bomgubo ofakwe kwi-solder
Iinkqubo ze-oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kunye ne-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokulahlekelwa ngumgubo, onokuthi ube phezulu njenge-70% ekubambeleleni izinto zokugquma kwi-workpiece. Ukuba i-welding core spray welding ifuna i-30 grams ye-powder powder, oku kuthetha ukuba umpu we-welding kufuneka utshize i-100 yeegram ze-solder powder.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-powder loss rate ye-plasma transferred arc (PTA) iteknoloji imalunga ne-3% ukuya kwi-5%. Kwisiseko esifanayo sokuvuthela, i-welding gun idinga kuphela ukutshiza i-32 grams ye-solder powder.
2.9 Malunga nexesha lokubekwa
I-Oxy-fuel gas welding (OFW) kunye ne-supersonic flame spraying (HVOF) amaxesha ayafana. Umzekelo, ukubekwa kunye nexesha lokunyibilikisa le core efanayo yokuvuthela yimizuzu emi-5. Itekhnoloji yePlasma Transferred Arc (PTA) nayo ifuna imizuzu emi-5 efanayo ukufezekisa ukuqina okupheleleyo komphezulu womsebenzi (i-plasma idluliselwe i-arc).
Imifanekiso engezantsi ibonisa iziphumo zokuthelekisa phakathi kwezi nkqubo zimbini kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-plasma arc welding (PTA).
Ukuthelekiswa kweepuntshi ze-nickel-based cladding kunye ne-cobalt-based cladding. Iziphumo zokuqhuba iimvavanyo kumgca ofanayo wokuvelisa zibonise ukuba i-cobalt-based punches ye-cladding yahlala ixesha elide le-3 ngaphezu kwee-punches ezisekelwe kwi-nickel, kwaye i-cobalt-based punches ye-cladding ayizange ibonise "ukuthotywa" .Inkalo yesithathu: Imibuzo kunye neempendulo malunga nodliwano-ndlebe noMnu. Claudio Corni, ingcaphephe ye-Italian yokutshiza, malunga nokutshiza ngokupheleleyo komngxuma
Umbuzo 1: Ubungqingqwa bungakanani umaleko wokuwelda ngokwethiyori ofunekayo kumgodi wokuwelda ngokupheleleyo? Ngaba ukutyeba koMaleko we-Solder kuchaphazela ukusebenza?
Impendulo ye-1: Ndicebisa ukuba ubukhulu obukhulu bomgca we-welding ngu-2 ~ 2.5mm, kwaye i-oscillation amplitude imiselwe kwi-5mm; ukuba umthengi usebenzisa ixabiso elikhulu lokutyeba, ingxaki ye "lap joint" inokufunyanwa.
Umbuzo 2: Kutheni ungasebenzisi i-OSC = 30mm i-swing enkulu kwicandelo elithe ngqo (kucetyiswa ukuseta 5mm)? Ngaba oku bekungayi kusebenza ngakumbi? Ngaba kukho nakuphi na ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo kwi-5mm swing?
Impendulo yesi-2: Ndiyincoma ukuba icandelo elichanekileyo lisebenzise i-swing ye-5mm ukugcina ukushisa okufanelekileyo kwi-mold;
Ukuba i-swing ye-30mm isetyenzisiweyo, isantya esicothayo kakhulu sokutshiza kufuneka simiselwe, ukushisa kwe-workpiece kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-dilution yesiseko sesinyithi iba phezulu kakhulu, kwaye ubunzima bezinto ezilahlekileyo zokuzalisa ziphezulu njenge-10 HRC. Olunye uqwalaselo olubalulekileyo luxinzelelo olulandelayo kwi-workpiece (ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu), okwandisa amathuba okuqhekeka.
Nge-swing ye-5mm ububanzi, isantya somgca sikhawuleza, ulawulo olungcono kakhulu lunokufumaneka, iikona ezintle zenziwe, iimpawu zomatshini zezinto zokuzalisa zigcinwa, kwaye ilahleko yi-2 ~ 3 HRC kuphela.
I-Q3: Ziziphi iimfuno zokubunjwa kwe-solder powder? Ngowuphi umgubo we-solder ofanelekileyo kwi-cavity spray welding?
I-A3: Ndiyincoma imodeli ye-solder ye-powder 30PSP, ukuba ukuqhekeka kwenzeka, sebenzisa i-23PSP kwi-molds yensimbi etyhidiweyo (sebenzisa imodeli yePP kwiimbumba zobhedu).
I-Q4: Sisiphi isizathu sokukhetha i-iron ductile? Yintoni ingxaki ngokusebenzisa intsimbi engwevu?
Impendulo ye-4: EYurophu, ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa i-nodular cast iron, kuba i-nodular cast iron (amagama amabini esiNgesi: i-Nodular cast iron kunye ne-Ductile cast iron), igama lifunyenwe ngenxa yokuba i-graphite equlethwe ikhona kwifom ye-spherical phantsi kwe-microscope; ngokungafaniyo nemigangatho yentsimbi eyenziwe ngeplate engwevu (enyanisweni, inokubizwa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi ngokuthi "intsimbi yentsimbi ye-laminate"). Iiyantlukwano ezilolo hlobo zinquma umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwentsimbi ye-ductile kunye ne-laminate cast iron: ii-spheres zidala ukuchasana kwejometri kwi-crack propagation kwaye ngaloo ndlela zifumana uphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-ductility. Ngaphezu koko, i-spherical form of graphite, enikwe isixa esifanayo, ihlala kwindawo encinci, ibangela umonakalo omncinci kwizinto eziphathekayo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana izinto eziphezulu. Ukubuyela ekusetyenzisweni kwayo kokuqala kwimizi-mveliso kwi-1948, i-iron ductile ibe yinto efanelekileyo yensimbi (kunye nezinye iintsimbi eziphosiweyo), eyenza iindleko eziphantsi, ukusebenza okuphezulu.
Ukusebenza kokusasazwa kwentsimbi ye-ductile ngenxa yeempawu zayo, kudityaniswe nokusikwa ngokulula kunye neempawu zokuchasana eziguquguqukayo zentsimbi etyhidiweyo, umyinge ogqwesileyo wokutsala / ubunzima.
ubuchule obuhle
ixabiso eliphantsi
Iindleko zeyunithi zinokuxhathisa okulungileyo
Ukudityaniswa okugqwesileyo kweempawu zokuqina kunye nobude
Umbuzo wesi-5: Yeyiphi eyona nto ingcono ukuqina kunye nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi?
I-A5: Uluhlu olupheleleyo luyi-35 ~ 21 HRC, ndincoma ukusebenzisa i-30 PSP ye-solder powder ukuze ufumane ixabiso lobunzima obusondeleyo kwi-28 HRC.
Ubunzima abuhambelani ngokuthe ngqo kwi-mold life, umahluko oyintloko ebomini benkonzo yindlela umphezulu wobumba "ogqunywe ngayo" kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo.
I-welding manual, eyona nto (i-welding material kunye nesiseko setsimbi) indibaniselwano yesikhunta esifunyenweyo ayilunganga njenge-plasma ye-PTA, kwaye imikrwelo ivame ukubonakala kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iglasi.
Umbuzo 6: Ungayenza njani i-welding epheleleyo yokutshiza yomgodi ongaphakathi? Indlela yokufumanisa nokulawula umgangatho we-solder layer?
Impendulo ye-6: Ndincoma ukubeka isantya esiphantsi se powder kwi-PTA welder, akukho ngaphezu kwe-10RPM; ukuqala kwi-engile yamagxa, gcina isithuba kwi-5mm ukuwelda amaso anxuseneyo.
Bhala ekugqibeleni:
Kwixesha lotshintsho olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji, isayensi kunye nethekhinoloji iqhuba inkqubela phambili yamashishini kunye noluntu; I-welding yokutshiza ye-workpiece efanayo inokufezekiswa ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Kwimizi-mveliso yokungunda, ukongeza ekuqwalaseleni iimfuno zabathengi bayo, yeyiphi inkqubo ekufuneka isetyenziswe, kufuneka kwakhona ithathele ingqalelo ukusebenza kweendleko zotyalo-mali lwezixhobo, ukuguquguquka kwezixhobo, ukugcinwa kunye neendleko ezisebenzisekayo zokusetyenziswa kamva, nokuba ingaba isixhobo sinokugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso. I-Micro plasma spray welding ngokungathandabuzekiyo ibonelela ngokhetho olungcono kwiifektri zokungunda.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-17-2022