Ukubunjwa okuphambili kweglasi yi-quartz (silica). I-quartz inokumelana kakuhle namanzi (oko kukuthi, ayisebenzi ngokunqabileyo ngamanzi). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeqondo eliphezulu lokunyibilika (malunga ne-2000 ° C) kunye nexabiso eliphezulu le-silica ecocekileyo, ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso yeMisa; Ukongeza izilungisi zenethiwekhi kunokwehlisa indawo yokunyibilika kweglasi kwaye yehlise ixabiso. Izilungisi zenethiwekhi eziqhelekileyo ziyi-sodium, i-calcium, njl.; kodwa i-network modifiers iya kutshintshisa i-hydrogen ion emanzini, ukunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwamanzi kweglasi; ukongeza i-boron kunye ne-Aluminiyam kunokomeleza isakhiwo seglasi, ukushisa okunyibilikayo kunyukile, kodwa ukuxhathisa kwamanzi kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu.
Izinto zokupakisha zamachiza zinokuqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo namachiza, kwaye umgangatho wabo uya kuchaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kwamachiza. Kwiglasi yonyango, enye yeendlela eziphambili zomgangatho wayo kukunganyangeki kwamanzi: ukuphakama kokunganyangeki kwamanzi, umngcipheko wokuphendula ngamachiza, kwaye uphezulu umgangatho weglasi.
Ngokokumelana namanzi ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, iglasi yonyango inokwahlulwa ibe: iglasi ye-soda yekalika, iglasi ephantsi ye-borosilicate kunye neglasi ye-borosilicate ephakathi. Kwi-pharmacopoeia, iglasi ihlelwa kwiKlasi I, iKlasi yesi-II, kunye neKlasi III. Iglasi ye-borosilicate yodidi oluphezulu ilungele ukupakishwa kwamachiza okutofa, kwaye iglasi ye-soda yekalika yeClass III isetyenziselwa ukupakishwa kolwelo lomlomo kunye neziyobisi eziqinileyo, kwaye ayifanelekanga kumachiza enaliti.
Okwangoku, iglasi ye-borosilicate ephantsi kunye neglasi ye-soda-lime isasetyenziswa kwiglasi yamayeza asekhaya. Ngokutsho "kwiNgxelo enzulu yoPhando kunye neNgxelo yeSicwangciso soTyalo-mali kwiPackaging yeGlasi yeGlasi yaseChina (uHlelo lwe-2019)", ukusetyenziswa kwe-borosilicate kwiglasi yonyango lwasekhaya ngo-2018 kubalelwa kuphela kwi-7-8%. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iUnited States, iYurophu, iJapan, kunye neRashiya zonke zigunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kweglasi ye-borosilicate engathathi hlangothi kuwo onke amalungiselelo enaliti kunye namalungiselelo ebhayoloji, iglasi ye-borosilicate ephakathi isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumashishini amayeza angaphandle.
Ukongeza kwi-classification ngokokuchaswa kwamanzi, ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa, iglasi yonyango ihlukaniswe: iibhotile ezibunjiweyo kunye neebhotile ezilawulwayo. Ibhotile ebunjiweyo kukutofa ngokuthe ngqo ulwelo lweglasi kwi-mold ukwenza ibhotile yeyeza; ngelixa ibhotile yokulawula kukuqala ukwenza ulwelo lweglasi kwityhubhu yeglasi, kwaye emva koko usike ityhubhu yeglasi ukwenza ibhotile yeyeza
NgokweNgxelo yoHlalutyiso lweMveliso yeGlasi yokuPakisha izinto zokuTofwa ngo-2019, iibhotile zenaliti zibalelwa kwi-55% yeglasi epheleleyo yamayeza kwaye yenye yeemveliso eziphambili zeglasi yamayeza. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthengiswa kweenaliti e-China kuqhubekile nokunyuka, kuqhuba imfuno yeebhotile zokutofa ukuba ziqhubeke nokunyuka, kwaye utshintsho kwimigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene nesitofu luya kuqhuba utshintsho kwimakethi yeglasi yamayeza.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-11-2021