Ukuqulunqwa okuphambili kweglasi yi-quartz (i-silica). I-TARTZ inesigqibo esihle samanzi (oko kukuthi, akukho siphendule ngamanzi). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yendawo ephezulu yokunyibilika (malunga ne-2000 ° C) kunye nexabiso eliphezulu lezilwanyana eziphezulu, ayifanelekanga ukuba isebenzise imveliso yobuninzi; Ukongeza iimodyuli zenethiwekhi kunokuthoba indawo yokunyibilika kweglasi kwaye iphantsi ixabiso. Iimodyuli zenethiwekhi eziqhelekileyo zezodium, i-calcium, njl.; kodwa iimodyuli zenethiwekhi ziya kutshintsha i-hydrogen emanzini, ukunciphisa ukumelana kwamanzi kwiglasi; Ukongeza i-boron kunye ne-aluminium kunokubomeleza ukwakhiwa kweglasi, ubushushu bokunyibilikisa buye baphakama, kodwa ukuxhathisa kwamanzi kuphuculwe kakhulu.
Izinto zokupakisha zamayeza zinokunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo amachiza, kwaye umgangatho wabo uya kuchaphazela ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza kweziyobisi. Kwiglasi yamayeza, enye yeyona ndlela iphambili kumgangatho wayo kukungaxhathisi kwamanzi: Ukuphakama kokunyangwa kwamanzi, ukuthoba umngcipheko wokuphendula ngeziyobisi, kunye nomgangatho weglasi.
Ngokwesiqhelo samanzi ukusuka kwi-asezantsi ukuya phezulu ukuya phezulu, iglasi ye-Medical inokwahlulwa ibe yi: I-Soda Iglasi yeglasi, i-borosililicate ye-borosilicate kunye neglasi ye-borosililicate ye-borosilicate. Kwi-pharmacopoeia, iglasi ihlelwe eklasini i, kwiklasi II, kunye neklasi kaII. Iklasi iglasi ephezulu ye-borosilicate ilungele ukupakishwa kwamachiza amajenzi, kwaye i-Soda yeklasi isetyenziselwa ukupakisha ulwelo olulwenziweyo kunye namachiza aqinileyo, kwaye ayilungelanga iziyobisi eziqinileyo.
Okwangoku, iglasi ye-borosililicate yeglasi kunye neglasi yesoda-lime isasetyenziswa kwiglasi yasekhaya. Ngokutsho ko "kwiNgxelo yoPhando olunzulu kunye neSicwangciso-qhinga soTyalo-mali kwi-China ebusmusical Glarming yeFabhu (i-2019)", ukusetyenziswa kwe-borosilicate kwiglasi yasekhaya ye-chinecet ngo-2018 inikwe kuphela i-7-8% kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iUnited States, iYurophu, eJapan, naseRussia yonke igunyazisa iglasi ye-borosilicate yeglasi yawo onke amalungiselelo enaliti kunye ne-borosililicicate ye-borosilicate isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kumzi-mveliso wamachiza amachiza angaphandle.
Ukongeza kokudityaniswa ngokobunyani bamanzi, ngokweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza imveliso, iglasi yezamayeza eyahlulwe yangoku: Iibhotile ezibunjiweyo kunye neebhotile ezilawulwayo. Ibhotile ebunjiweyo kukungathethi ngokuthe ngqo i-Glasi i-GLE GLE kwi-mold ukwenza ibhotile yamayeza; Ngelixa ibhotile yokulawula kukuqala yenza i-Glasi i-glasi kwityhubhu yeglasi, kwaye ke inqumle ityhubhu yeglasi ukwenza ibhotile yamayeza
Ngokwengxelo yohlalutyo lwemveliso yezixhobo zokupakisha zeglasi zenaliti ngo-2019, iibhotile zenaliti zibalwe i-55% yeglasi yamayeza ewonke kwaye yenye yeemveliso eziphambili zeglasi yamayeza. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuthengisa kwenaliti e-China kuqhuliwe ukunyuka, ukuqhuba imfuno yeebhotile zokuqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye iinguqu kwimigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene nentsingiselo ziya kuqhuba iinguqu kwimakethi yeglasi yamachiza.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNV-11 ukuya kwi-1121