Izicacisi zeglasi zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo izixhobo ezincedisayo zeekhemikhali kwimveliso yeglasi. Nayiphi na imathiriyeli ekrwada enokubola (i-gasify) kubushushu obuphezulu ngexesha lenkqubo yokunyibilika kweglasi ukuvelisa igesi okanye ukunciphisa i-viscosity yolwelo lweglasi ukukhuthaza ukupheliswa kwamaqamza kulwelo lweglasi kubizwa ngokuba yi-clarifier. Ngokomatshini wokucaciswa kweglasi, inokwahlulwa ibe: i-oxide clarifier (eyaziwa ngokuba: ukucaciswa kweoksijini), i-sulfate clarifier (eyaziwa ngokuba: ukucaciswa kwesulfure), i-halide clarifier (eyaziwa ngokuba: ukucaciswa kwe-halogen) kunye ne-composite clarifier. eyaziwa njenge: Ingcaciso ehlangeneyo).
1. Isicacisi seoksijini
Izicacisi ze-oksidi ziquka i-arsenic emhlophe, i-antimony oxide, i-nitrate yesodium, i-ammonium nitrate, kunye ne-cerium oxide.
1. I-arsenic emhlophe
I-arsenic emhlophe, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-arsenous anhydride, sisixhobo sokucacisa esiqhelekileyo esinesiphumo esihle sokucacisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwaziwa ngokuba yi "Clarification King" kwishishini leglasi. Kodwa i-arsenic emhlophe kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubambisana ne-nitrate ukufezekisa umphumo omuhle wokucacisa. I-arsenic emhlophe inyibilika kancinane emanzini abandayo kwaye inyibilika ngokulula emanzini ashushu. Inetyhefu kakhulu. Ngumgubo omhlophe wekristale okanye into yeglasi eamorphous. Njengemveliso yokunyibilikiswa kwegolide, i-arsenic grey ihlala ingwevu, ingwevu okanye ingwevu-mnyama. Isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-arhente yokucacisa. iarsenic. Xa i-arsenic emhlophe ishushu ngaphezu kwama-400 degrees, iya kuvelisa i-arsenic pentoxide kunye ne-oksijini ekhutshwe yi-nitrate kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu. Xa ifudunyezwa kwii-degrees ze-1300, i-arsenic pentoxide iya kubola ukuze ivelise i-arsenic trioxide, enciphisa uxinzelelo lwegesi kwi-bubbles yeglasi. Ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamaqamza kwaye ikhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwamaqamza, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yokucaciswa.
Ubungakanani be-arsenic emhlophe ngokuqhelekileyo yi-0.2% -0.6% yexabiso le-batch, kwaye inani le-nitrate elaziswa ngamaxesha angama-4-8 inani le-arsenic emhlophe. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-arsenic emhlophe akugcini nje ukwandisa i-volatilization, kodwa kungcolisa indalo kwaye kuyingozi kumzimba womntu. I-0.06 grams ye-arsenic emhlophe inokubangela ukufa. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa i-arsenic emhlophe, umntu okhethekileyo kufuneka abelwe ukuyigcina ukwenzela ukukhusela iziganeko zetyhefu. Iglasi ene-arsenic emhlophe njenge-ejenti yokucacisa kulula ukunciphisa kunye nobumnyama iglasi ngexesha lokusebenza kwesibane, ngoko ke i-arsenic emhlophe kufuneka isetyenziswe ngaphantsi okanye ingekho kwiglasi yesibane.
2. I-Antimony oxide
Impembelelo yokucacisa i-antimony oxide ifana ne-arsenic emhlophe, kwaye kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokubambisana ne-nitrate. Ukucaciswa kunye nobushushu bokubola bokusebenzisa i-antimony oxide ingaphantsi kune-arsenic emhlophe, ngoko ke i-antimony oxide isoloko isetyenziswa njenge-agent ecacisayo xa kunyibilika iglasi ekhokelayo. Kwiglasi ye-soda ye-silicate ye-soda, i-0.2% ye-antimony oxide kunye ne-0.4% ye-arsenic emhlophe isetyenziswe njenge-agent ecacisayo, enefuthe elingcono lokucacisa kwaye inokuthintela ukuveliswa kweebhabhu zesibini.
3. Nitrate
I-Nitrate yodwa ayifane isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokucacisa kwiglasi, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengomnikeli we-oksijini ngokudibanisa ne-valence oxides.
4. I-Cerium dioxide
I-Cerium dioxide inobushushu obuphezulu bokubola kwaye i-arhente yokucacisa ngcono, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento ekrwada. Xa isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, ayifuni ukuba idibaniswe ne-nitrate, kwaye inokukhulula i-oksijini ngokwayo kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu ukukhawulezisa ukucaciswa. Ukuze kuncitshiswe iindleko, kudla ngokusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-sulfate ekuveliseni iibhola zeglasi ukufezekisa imiphumo emihle yokucacisa.
2. Isicacisi seSulfate
I-sulfate esetyenziswa kwiglasi ubukhulu becala yi-sodium sulfate, i-barium sulfate, i-calcium sulfate, kunye ne-sulfate enobushushu obuphezulu bokubola, obuyi-agent ecacisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Xa i-sulfate isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokubambisana ne-oxidizing agent nitrate, kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-agent yokunciphisa ukukhusela i-sulfate ekuboleni kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. I-Sulfate isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiglasi yebhotile kunye neglasi ecwecwe, kwaye idosi yayo yi-1.0% -1.5% yebhetshi.
3. I-arhente yokucacisa i-Halide
Ngokukodwa ziquka i-fluoride, i-sodium chloride, i-ammonium chloride njalo njalo. I-Fluoride ikakhulu yi-fluorite kunye ne-sodium fluorosilicate. Isixa sefluorite esisetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokucacisa ngokuqhelekileyo sibalwa ngokusekwe kwi-0.5% yefluorine engeniswe kwibhetshi. I-dosage jikelele ye-sodium fluorosilicate yi-0.4% -0.6% yesixa se-sodium oxide kwiglasi. Ngexesha lokunyibilika kwefluoride, inxalenye yefluorine iya kuvelisa ihydrogen fluoride, isilicon fluoride, kunye nesodium fluoride. Ubutyhefu bayo bukhulu kunobo be-sulphur dioxide. Impembelelo emoyeni kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uyisebenzisa. I-vaporization kunye ne-volatilization ye-sodium chloride kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunokukhuthaza ukucaciswa kolwelo lweglasi. I-dosage jikelele yi-1.3% -3.5% yezinto zebhetshi. Okuninzi kuya kuyenza iglasi. Ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-clarifier yeglasi equlethe i-boron.
Isine, isicacisi esimbaxa
I-clarifier edibeneyo isebenzisa ubukhulu becala izibonelelo ezintathu zokucaciswa kwe-oksijini, ukucaciswa kwesulfure kunye nokucaciswa kwe-halogen kwi-ejenti yokucacisa, kwaye inika umdlalo opheleleyo kwi-synergistic kunye nemiphumo engaphezulu kweyesithathu, enokufikelela kwisiphumo sokucaciswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukucaciswa. isakhono. Yingcaciso enye. I-arhente ayinakuthelekiswa. Ngokwenqanaba lophuhliso, kukho: isizukulwana sokuqala sokucacisa izinto ezidibeneyo, isizukulwana sesibini sokucaciswa okudibeneyo kunye nesizukulwana sesithathu sezinto ezicacileyo ezidibeneyo. Isizukulwana sesithathu se-composite clarifiers sikwabizwa ngokuba sisizukulwana esitsha sokucacisa i-composite clarifiers, eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iyaziwa ngokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, lukhokelo lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwishishini le-ejenti yokucolwa kweglasi kunye nentsingiselo engenakuthintelwa yokuphumeza imixube engena-arsenic kushishino lweglasi. I-dosage jikelele yi-0.4% -0.6% yebhetshi. I-clarifier ehlanganisiweyo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiglasi yebhotile, iibhola zeglasi (i-alkali ephakathi, i-alkali-free), iglasi yamayeza, iglasi yomthombo wokukhanya wombane, iglasi ye-elektroniki, i-glass-ceramics kunye nezinye iiglasi. Ushishino lweemveliso.
2. Isicacisi seSulfate
I-sulfate esetyenziswa kwiglasi ubukhulu becala yi-sodium sulfate, i-barium sulfate, i-calcium sulfate, kunye ne-sulfate enobushushu obuphezulu bokubola, obuyi-agent ecacisa ubushushu obuphezulu. Xa i-sulfate isetyenziswe njenge-ejenti yokucacisa, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ngokubambisana ne-oxidizing agent nitrate, kwaye ayikwazi ukusetyenziswa ngokudibanisa ne-agent yokunciphisa ukukhusela i-sulfate ekuboleni kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi. I-Sulfate isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiglasi yebhotile kunye neglasi ecwecwe, kwaye idosi yayo yi-1.0% -1.5% yebhetshi.
3. I-arhente yokucacisa i-Halide
Ngokukodwa ziquka i-fluoride, i-sodium chloride, i-ammonium chloride njalo njalo. I-Fluoride ikakhulu yi-fluorite kunye ne-sodium fluorosilicate. Isixa sefluorite esisetyenziswa njenge-arhente yokucacisa ngokuqhelekileyo sibalwa ngokusekwe kwi-0.5% yefluorine engeniswe kwibhetshi. I-dosage jikelele ye-sodium fluorosilicate yi-0.4% -0.6% yesixa se-sodium oxide kwiglasi. Ngexesha lokunyibilika kwefluoride, inxalenye yefluorine iya kuvelisa ihydrogen fluoride, isilicon fluoride, kunye nesodium fluoride. Ubutyhefu bayo bukhulu kunobo be-sulphur dioxide. Impembelelo emoyeni kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uyisebenzisa. I-vaporization kunye ne-volatilization ye-sodium chloride kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunokukhuthaza ukucaciswa kolwelo lweglasi. I-dosage jikelele yi-1.3% -3.5% yezinto zebhetshi. Okuninzi kuya kuyenza iglasi. Ihlala isetyenziswa njenge-clarifier yeglasi equlethe i-boron.
Isine, isicacisi esimbaxa
I-clarifier edibeneyo isebenzisa ubukhulu becala izibonelelo ezintathu zokucaciswa kwe-oksijini, ukucaciswa kwesulfure kunye nokucaciswa kwe-halogen kwi-ejenti yokucacisa, kwaye inika umdlalo opheleleyo kwi-synergistic kunye nemiphumo engaphezulu kweyesithathu, enokufikelela kwisiphumo sokucaciswa okuqhubekayo kunye nokuphucula kakhulu ukucaciswa. isakhono. Yingcaciso enye. I-arhente ayinakuthelekiswa. Ngokwenqanaba lophuhliso, kukho: isizukulwana sokuqala sokucacisa izinto ezidibeneyo, isizukulwana sesibini sokucaciswa okudibeneyo kunye nesizukulwana sesithathu sezinto ezicacileyo ezidibeneyo. Isizukulwana sesithathu se-composite clarifiers sikwabizwa ngokuba sisizukulwana esitsha sokucacisa i-composite clarifiers, eziluhlaza kunye nokusingqongileyo. Iyaziwa ngokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, lukhokelo lophuhliso lwexesha elizayo kwishishini le-ejenti yokucolwa kweglasi kunye nentsingiselo engenakuthintelwa yokuphumeza imixube engena-arsenic kushishino lweglasi. I-dosage jikelele yi-0.4% -0.6% yebhetshi. I-clarifier ehlanganisiweyo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiglasi yebhotile, iibhola zeglasi (i-alkali ephakathi, i-alkali-free), iglasi yamayeza, iglasi yomthombo wokukhanya wombane, iglasi ye-elektroniki, i-glass-ceramics kunye nezinye iiglasi. Ushishino lweemveliso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-06-2021